To be, to have e il presente
To be: I am, you are, he/she/it is, we/they are. Passato: I/he was, you/we/they were (Where were you yesterday evening?). Età, fame e freddo si dicono con to be: I'm 25 years old (ho 25 anni), I'm hungry (ho fame). Per il meteo serve il soggetto it: It's cold today. To have: I/you/we/they have, he/she/it has (I have two brothers).
- Present simple per abitudini: She goes to work every day (-s alla terza persona). Negativa: He doesn't drink coffee. Domanda: Do you like pizza?
- Present continuous (am/is/are + -ing) per azioni in corso: Look! The children are playing. Anche per programmi già fissati: I am going to the cinema tonight.
- I like reading = mi piace leggere: chi prova piacere è il soggetto.
- There is / there are = c'è / ci sono: There are three trucks in the yard; There's a fire on the second floor!
- Imperativo con la forma base: Stay calm and leave the building (to leave = uscire; to live = vivere).
Passato, present perfect e passivo
Il past simple va con tempi conclusi (yesterday, last night, last summer, ago): Yesterday we saw a film; Last summer we went to Spain; I met him three years ago (tre anni fa); The fire broke out last night (scoppiò).
- Irregolari: go – went – gone; see – saw – seen; write – wrote – written; be – was/were – been; steal – stole – stolen; bleed – bled – bled; put – put – put.
- Past continuous per l'azione interrotta: While I was watching TV, the phone rang.
- Used to = abitudine passata finita: She used to live in Naples = un tempo viveva a Napoli.
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